Assalam Walaikum,
After an incident in Pakistan, this issue is very highligted by Media and several questions were raised in the minds of the people and several doubts were raised by the critics of Islam. Actually A faith of a Muslim is incomplete without the love of Prophet salalahoalayhiwasalam as there is hadith of Prophet (s) in Bukhari and Muslim. Amongst the Major Doubts one of them is that the punishment is not in the Quran ( I will InshAllah prove it later in the article from Quran as well), But the Question is that there are several things which is not in the Quran will it be rejected as well on this Basis ? Quran states about to perform Salah, to Observe Fast and to perform Hajj but the way to do it is mentioned in the Sunnah of Prophet salalahoalayhiwasalam.
Similarly when i see people who don’t believe in the Sunnah, My Imaan (Faith) gets more stronger because Prophet Salalahoalayhiwasalam predicted 1400 years ago that :
” – ص 200 -” بَاب فِي لُزُومِ السُّنَّةِ
4604 حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ كَثِيرِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنْ حَرِيزِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَوْفٍ عَنْ الْمِقْدَامِ بْنِ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَلَا إِنِّي أُوتِيتُ الْكِتَابَ وَمِثْلَهُ مَعَهُ أَلَا يُوشِكُ رَجُلٌ شَبْعَانُ عَلَى أَرِيكَتِهِ يَقُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِهَذَا الْقُرْآنِ فَمَا وَجَدْتُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ حَلَالٍ فَأَحِلُّوهُ وَمَا وَجَدْتُمْ فِيهِ مِنْ حَرَامٍ فَحَرِّمُوهُ أَلَا لَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ لَحْمُ الْحِمَارِ الْأَهْلِيِّ وَلَا كُلُّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنْ السَّبُعِ وَلَا لُقَطَةُ مُعَاهِدٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يَسْتَغْنِيَ عَنْهَا صَاحِبُهَا وَمَنْ نَزَلَ بِقَوْمٍ فَعَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَقْرُوهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْرُوهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُعْقِبَهُمْ بِمِثْلِ قِرَاهُ
Narrated Al-Miqdam ibn Ma’dikarib: The Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: Beware! I have been given the Qur’an and something like it, yet the time is coming when a man replete on his couch will say: Keep to the Qur’an; what you find in it to be permissible treat as permissible, and what you find in it to be prohibited treat as prohibited. Beware! The domestic ass, beasts of prey with fangs, a find belonging to confederate, unless its owner does not want it, are not permissible to you If anyone comes to some people, they must entertain him, but if they do not, he has a right to mulct them to an amount equivalent to his entertainment.
It is apparent from this Sahih Hadith that Prophet salalahoalayhiwasalam predicted 1400 years and it took place as it is. Similarly how can someone believe in Quran if the Prophet salalahoalayhiwasalam wouldn’t have said that i have been revealed Quran and I am a Prophet, Similarly to believe in the Quran one has to believe in this statement of Prophet (s) that it has been revealed upon him and similarly something like it, which is obviously Sunnah. As it is also indicated in several verses of the Quran which InshAllah i will mention.
Hazrat e Umar radiallahuanhu Ameer Ul Momineen (Leader of the Believers) :
سنن الدارمي – الْمُقَدِّمَةُ – إنه سيأتي ناس يجادلونكم بشبهات القرآن
119 أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ حَدَّثَنِي اللَّيْثُ حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ إِنَّهُ سَيَأْتِي نَاسٌ يُجَادِلُونَكُمْ بِشُبُهَاتِ الْقُرْآنِ فَخُذُوهُمْ بِالسُّنَنِ فَإِنَّ أَصْحَابَ السُّنَنِ أَعْلَمُ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ
Ameer Al Momineen Umar Radiallahuanhu says that some people will try to create misconception by quoting the Ayat of Qur’an and will fight with you thus you should catch them with Hadith, because the Ashab Al Sunan (People of Hadith or Ashab Ul Hadith) understand Qur’an better.
588 أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ عَنْ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ عَنْ حَسَّانَ قَالَ كَانَ جِبْرِيلُ يَنْزِلُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالسُّنَّةِ كَمَا يَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْقُرْآنِ
(Sunan Darimi 588)
It is further mentioned from Trustworthy Tabae (Successor) Imam Hassan bin Atiya Abu Bakr Al-Shami The Angel Gibrael (a.s) used to reveal Sunnat on Prophet salalahoalayhiwasalam as he used to reveal Quran on him.
Proofs from Quran :
وَٱذۡڪُرۡنَ مَا يُتۡلَىٰ فِى بُيُوتِڪُنَّ مِنۡ ءَايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡحِڪۡمَةِۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ لَطِيفًا خَبِيرًا
And bear in mind that which is recited in your houses of the revelations of Allah and Al-Hikmah. Lo! Allah is Subtile, Aware.
(33:34)
وَمَآ أَنزَلَ عَلَيۡكُم مِّنَ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبِ وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةِ
He has sent down to you of the Book (i.e. the Qur’ân) and Al-Hikmah (the Prophet’s Sunnah – legal ways – Islâmic jurisprudence)
(2:231)
اتَيۡتُڪُم مِّن ڪِتَـٰبٍ۬ وَحِكۡمَةٍ۬
I gave you from the Book and Hikmah
(3:81)
وَأَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيۡكَ ٱلۡكِتَـٰبَ وَٱلۡحِكۡمَةَ
Allâh has sent down to you the Book (The Qur’ân), and Al¬Hikmah (Islâmic laws, knowledge of legal and illegal things i.e. the Prophet’s Sunnah – legal ways)
(4:113)
Wherever the Word with Hikmah is used with Kitab it means Sunnah of Prophet Salalahoalayhiwasalam, Because on Kitab Ataf has used which is used to differentiate between Ma’atuf and Ma’atuf Alay.
It is wrong to take here Hikmah means as Wisdom because, Wisdom has been given by Allah swt to each and every Human being it is not specific with the Prophets of Allah. Otherwise why he need to reveal it with Book which is also recited in the house of Prophet of Allah ?
As also from Salaf (Pious Predecessors) Imam Shafae(rah) stated.
Proof from Quran :
وَإِن نَّكَثُوٓاْ أَيۡمَـٰنَهُم مِّنۢ بَعۡدِ عَهۡدِهِمۡ وَطَعَنُواْ فِى دِينِڪُمۡ فَقَـٰتِلُوٓاْ أَٮِٕمَّةَ ٱلۡڪُفۡرِۙ إِنَّهُمۡ لَآ أَيۡمَـٰنَ لَهُمۡ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَنتَهُونَ (١٢) أَلَا تُقَـٰتِلُونَ قَوۡمً۬ا نَّكَثُوٓاْ أَيۡمَـٰنَهُمۡ وَهَمُّواْ بِإِخۡرَاجِ ٱلرَّسُولِ وَهُم بَدَءُوڪُمۡ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍۚ أَتَخۡشَوۡنَهُمۡۚ فَٱللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخۡشَوۡهُ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَ (١٣) قَـٰتِلُوهُمۡ يُعَذِّبۡهُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِأَيۡدِيڪُمۡ وَيُخۡزِهِمۡ وَيَنصُرۡكُمۡ عَلَيۡهِمۡ وَيَشۡفِ صُدُورَ قَوۡمٍ۬ مُّؤۡمِنِينَ (١٤) وَيُذۡهِبۡ غَيۡظَ قُلُوبِهِمۡۗ وَيَتُوبُ ٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ مَن يَشَآءُۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ (١٥)
But if they violate their oaths after their covenant, and attack your religion with disapproval and criticism then fight (you) the leaders of disbelief (chiefs of Quraish – pagans of Makkah) – for surely their oaths are nothing to them – so that they may stop (evil actions). (12) Will you not fight a people who have violated their oaths (pagans of Makkah) and intended to expel the Messenger, while they did attack you first? Do you fear them? Allâh has more right that you should fear Him, if you are believers. (13) Fight against them so that Allâh will punish them by your hands and disgrace them and give you victory over them and heal the breasts of a believing people, (14) And remove the anger of their (believers’) hearts. Allâh accepts the repentance of whom He wills. Allâh is All-Knowing, All-Wise. (15)
(9:12-15)
In these Ayats Allah swt commanding to kill those who have violted their oaths and and criticise the religion like abusing the Allah swt or Prophet of Allah swt or absuing the religion in form. And one form of the abusing is to expel Prophet (s) from Makkah, which is also a reason to kill them.
The Kuffar from Makkah plotted to do 3 things of which one of them is also mentioned in this Ayat and also in Surah Al-Anfal Verse 30 :
وَإِذۡ يَمۡكُرُ بِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لِيُثۡبِتُوكَ أَوۡ يَقۡتُلُوكَ أَوۡ يُخۡرِجُوكَۚ وَيَمۡكُرُونَ وَيَمۡكُرُ ٱللَّهُۖ وَٱللَّهُ خَيۡرُ ٱلۡمَـٰڪِرِينَ
And (remember) when the disbelievers plotted against you (O Muhammad SAW) to imprison you, or to kill you, or to get you out (from your home, i.e. Makkah); they were plotting and Allâh too was plotting, and Allâh is the Best of those who plot. (30)
Imam FakharUddin Al-Razi (606 H) writes in his Tafsir :
المسألة الثالثة: قال الزجاج: هذه الآية توجب قتل الذمي إذا أظهر الطعن في الإسلام، لأن عهده مشروط بأن لا يطعن، فإن طعن فقد نكث ونقض عهدهم.
The third matter is that Imam Zajjaj (311 H) rahimaullah stated that this Ayah makes obligatory the killing of Zimmi (People of the Book) when he criticizes the Islam, Because his convenant was based that he shouldn’t criticize and if he does so it means he has broken the convenant.
The Quotation of Imam Abu Ishaq Ibrahim Al Siri Al Zajjaj (311 H) is present in his tafsir as well ( Maa’ani Al Quran 2/351 )
Hafiz Ibn e Kasir ( 774 H ) writes in his Tafsir :
{ وَطَعَنُواْ فِى دِينِكُمْ } أي: عابوه وانتقصوه، ومن ههنا أخذ قتل من سب الرسول صلوات الله وسلامه عليه، أو من طعن في دين الإسلام، أو ذكره بنقص
(and attack your religion…) with disapproval and criticism, it is because of this that one who curses the Messenger, peace be upon him, or attacks the religion of Islam by way of criticism and disapproval, they are to be fought.
Imam Qurtubi (471 H) writes in his Tafsir :
أكثر العلماء على أن مَن سبّ النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلم من أهل الذمة، أو عَرّض أو استخفّ بقدره أو وصفه بغير الوجه الذي كفر به فإنه يقتل
Many of the Ulemas have stated that amongst Ahl-e-Zimma (People of the Book) whosoever abuses Prophet (s) or consider the personality of Prophet (s) as degraded or besides his Kufr (desbelieve) he should attributes anything else (to Prophet (s)), he should be killed, we cannot give them convenant.
Quran states in Surah Al-Ahzab Chapter 33 Verse 57 :
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤۡذُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ۥ لَعَنَہُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِى ٱلدُّنۡيَا وَٱلۡأَخِرَةِ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمۡ عَذَابً۬ا مُّهِينً۬ا (٥٧)
وَٱلَّذِينَ يُؤۡذُونَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ وَٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَـٰتِ بِغَيۡرِ مَا ٱڪۡتَسَبُواْ فَقَدِ ٱحۡتَمَلُواْ بُهۡتَـٰنً۬ا وَإِثۡمً۬ا مُّبِينً۬ا (٥٨)
Verily, those who annoy Allâh and His Messenger (SAW)[] Allâh has cursed them in this world, and in the Hereafter, and has prepared for them a humiliating torment. (57) And those who malign believing men and believing women undeservedly, they bear the guilt of slander and manifest sin. (58)
Allah swt has different between the annoying to a common person and annoying to Prophet (s), He has not only Cursed them but also prepared a punishment for them in the life of hereafter. It is to be noted that one cannot annoy Allah swt because , but yet he has stated here because annoying his Prophet (s) is actually annoying Allah swt because Allah swt has Power over all things.
Allama Ibn-e-Al Jowzi ( 597 H ) writes in his Tafsir :
ولعنُهم في الدنيا: بالقتل والجلاء، وفي الآخرة: بالنار.
From the Cursing it means to Kill and to expell (from the country) and in the hereafter the punishment is of fire.
Proofs from Hadith :
It is reported from Hazrat e Ali r.a that whosoever Abuses Prophet he should be killed and whosoever Abuses his Companion he should be lashed. ما روي عن علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : ” من سب نبيا قتل ، ومن سب أصحابه جلد ” .
Tabrani e Sagheer 1/236
Sunan Abi Dawud :
4362 حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ عَنْ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ عَنْ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ يَهُودِيَّةً كَانَتْ تَشْتُمُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَقَعُ فِيهِ فَخَنَقَهَا رَجُلٌ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ فَأَبْطَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَمَهَا
كتاب الحدود » باب الحكم فيمن سب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم
Narrated Ali ibn AbuTalib: A Jewess used to abuse the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) and disparage him. A man strangled her till she died. The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) declared that no recompense was payable for her blood.
Another Hadith Mentioned in the Same Chapter of Abu Dawud and Also Reported by Imam e Nisai in his Sunan.
ص 129 – بَاب الْحُكْمِ فِيمَنْ سَبَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
4361 حَدَّثَنَا عَبَّادُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْخُتَّلِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمَدَنِيُّ عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ الشَّحَّامِ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ أَعْمَى كَانَتْ لَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ تَشْتُمُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَقَعُ فِيهِ فَيَنْهَاهَا فَلَا تَنْتَهِي وَيَزْجُرُهَا فَلَا تَنْزَجِرُ قَالَ فَلَمَّا كَانَتْ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ جَعَلَتْ تَقَعُ فِي النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَشْتُمُهُ فَأَخَذَ الْمِغْوَلَ فَوَضَعَهُ فِي بَطْنِهَا وَاتَّكَأَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَتَلَهَا فَوَقَعَ بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهَا طِفْلٌ فَلَطَّخَتْ مَا هُنَاكَ بِالدَّمِ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ ذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَجَمَعَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُ اللَّهَ رَجُلًا فَعَلَ مَا فَعَلَ لِي عَلَيْهِ حَقٌّ إِلَّا قَامَ فَقَامَ الْأَعْمَى يَتَخَطَّى النَّاسَ وَهُوَ يَتَزَلْزَلُ حَتَّى قَعَدَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَا صَاحِبُهَا كَانَتْ تَشْتُمُكَ وَتَقَعُ فِيكَ فَأَنْهَاهَا فَلَا تَنْتَهِي وَأَزْجُرُهَا فَلَا تَنْزَجِرُ وَلِي مِنْهَا ابْنَانِ مِثْلُ اللُّؤْلُؤَتَيْنِ وَكَانَتْ بِي رَفِيقَةً فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْبَارِحَةَ جَعَلَتْ تَشْتُمُكَ وَتَقَعُ فِيكَ فَأَخَذْتُ الْمِغْوَلَ فَوَضَعْتُهُ فِي بَطْنِهَا وَاتَّكَأْتُ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى قَتَلْتُهَا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَلَا اشْهَدُوا أَنَّ دَمَهَا هَدَرٌ
Narrated Abdullah Ibn Abbas: A blind man had a slave-mother who used to abuse the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) and disparage him. He forbade her but she did not stop. He rebuked her but she did not give up her habit. One night she began to slander the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) and abuse him. So he took a dagger, placed it on her belly, pressed it, and killed her. A child who came between her legs was smeared with the blood that was there. When the morning came, the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) was informed about it. He assembled the people and said: I adjure by Allah the man who has done this action and I adjure him by my right to him that he should stand up. Jumping over the necks of the people and trembling the man stood up. He sat before the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) and said: Apostle of Allah! I am her master; she used to abuse you and disparage you. I forbade her, but she did not stop, and I rebuked her, but she did not abandon her habit. I have two sons like pearls from her, and she was my companion. Last night she began to abuse and disparage you. So I took a dagger, put it on her belly and pressed it till I killed her. Thereupon the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) said: Oh be witness, no retaliation is payable for her blood.
InshAllah more will be added soon.